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Question :What does the 'S' stand for in material grade ASTM SA36 ?
Answer:
ASTM = The American Society for Testing and Materials
You will not find ASTM SA36. It is ASME SA36 or ASTM A36.
American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) publish design codes and standards for pressure applications. ASME standards are generally based on the appropriate ASTM standards, but the standard numbers are preceded with the letters 'SA', rather than just the 'A' of the ASTM standards.
The material specification ASTM-A36 covers carbon steel shapes, plates, and bars of structural quality for use in riveted, bolted, or welded construction of bridges and buildings, and for general structural purposes.
The difference between an SA versus A designation has to do with ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel code endorsement of material. If a material is supplied to an SA material specification, this material meets the requirements of ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section II, and can be used in code-fabricated items. If a material is supplied with an A designation, it meets the requirements of ASTM.
In some cases A and SA material designations can be equivalent, in other cases they may not be equivalent with material that is an A designation not even permitted for use in code fabrication. So, review ASME Section II, Part A Acceptable ASTM Editions.